Table 2 – First-instance institutions deciding on asylum requests (IOM, 2014)

Although largely harmonised with the EU acquis, the legislative and institutional
frameworks for migration management need further adjustment. All the countries have
adopted three types of relevant laws regulating: 1) foreigners/aliens, 2) state border
control, and 3) the revision of the criminal code so as to criminalise migrant smuggling
and to assign penalties. They also have key strategic documents defining the priorities,
main objectives and measures related to managing irregular migration and illegal stay.