Unlike the previous two State Duma elections, based on proportional representation, the 2016 elections will revert to the combined system used until 2003: half the members (225) will be elected from party lists by proportional representation, and the other half will be elected in single-member districts using a first-past-the-post system. Candidates on party lists are only elected if their party secures 5% or more of the vote. Most regional elections use a similar mix of majoritarian and proportional represent-ation, while Moscow and St Petersburg have opted for a purely majoritarian system.
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