For natural gas, price disparities are much lower compared to electricity. However, this is not or hardly due to actual or potential cross-border flows within the internal market.
Household gas prices (Figure 16) without tax are not far apart in regulated countries once one ignores outliers like Romania and Greece. Indeed, when they are included in the analysis, price disparities are far stronger. Taxes do alter the picture, however, with e.g. Denmark and Italy slapping high taxes on pre-tax (regulated) gas prices. In unregulated
markets, Sweden in extreme form and the Netherlands, show high taxation (and this
causes price disparities to be significant), but, again, ignoring tax, price disparities are
small. This is also true for business gas prices (Figure 17), with the same exceptions/outliers as in Figure 16.
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