Estimated direct Cost of Non Europe (€ billion per annum)

The estimated direct CoNE associated with identified gaps ranged between € 36 billion
to € 75 billion per annum. The mid-point of this range is around € 56 billion per annum. These predominantly comprise of costs related to lower rates of adoption of
cloud computing than would otherwise occur. The economic importance of IT systems
and the reported scale of the benefits for users of cloud computing provide the basis for
the high estimated costs.