Estimated direct Cost of Non Europe (€ billion per annum)

Overall EU GDP would increase by around 0.4 per cent in 2020 or €60 billion in 2014
prices. This is mainly driven by a combination of the efficiency gains (modelled as lower
prices) and additional investment. There are multiplier effects within Europe but also
benefits for countries outside EU in terms of higher foreign trade including EU imports.
Employment gains are in the range of 0.1 per ent which is equivalent to over 223,000
jobs created by 2020 due to the removal of identified gaps hindering the DSM. Average
real wages also increase slightly, boosting household incomes.