Over time philosophers or cultural institutions have defined culture in different ways. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation in its Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity has defined the concept broadly as ‘the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group’, namely all aspects that elevate humans beyond their purely biological existence.
In 2007, Special Eurobarometer 278 on cultural values in the European Union asked respondents from 27 EU Member States what they associated with the concept of culture (Table 1).
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