Written by Marcin Grajewski,

Legs with gender symbol on asphalt, gender concept
© Delphotostock / Fotolia

Equality between women and men is one of the European Union’s founding values. Under the “Strategic engagement for gender equality 2016-2019” policy plan, the EU seeks to increase female labour-market participation, reduce the gender pay gap, promote equality between women and men in decision-making, fight gender-based violence, and promote gender equality across the world. However, despite all efforts, such as adopting legislation on equal treatment, gender inequality remains a serious problem in Europe.

This note offers links to commentaries and reports published in recent years by major international think tanks on issues relating to gender inequality in the EU and other related topics.

Gender issues in the EU

Gender inequality and integration of non-EU migrants in the EU
Centre for European Policy Studies, February 2017

Gender sensitive trade? A feminist perspective on the EU–Mercosur free trade negotiations
Heinrich Böll Stiftung, February 2017

Brechas salariales de género en España
Fundación Alternativas, September 2016

Integrating gender into EU economic governance: Oxymoron or opportunity?
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, November 2016

The gender wage gap
Institute for Fiscal Studies, August 2016

A web tool-based equal gender pay analysis for a competitive Europe (equal pacE): Overview, elements and lessons learned
Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln, July 2016

The EU approach to gender: Limitations and alternatives
Egmont, December 2015

A quiet farewell? Current developments in EU gender equality policy
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, November 2015

Who’s breadwinning in Europe? A comparative analysis of maternal breadwinning in Great Britain and Germany
Institute for Public Policy Research, October 2015

The European Union’s new Gender Action Plan 2016-2020: Gender equality and women’s empowerment in external relations
Overseas Development Institute, October 2015

Gender as symbolic glue: The position and role of conservative and far right parties in the anti-gender mobilizations in Europe
Foundation for European Progressive Studies, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, May 2015

Homophobia and gender phobia in the European Union: Policy contexts and empirical evidence
Svenska institutet för europapolitiska studier, April 2015

Une Europe moderne est une Europe plus féminine
Fondation Robert Schuman, March 2015

(No) Women in Politics: Is a common strategy for Central and Eastern Europe possible?
Polish Institute of Public Affairs, December 2014

Women and flexible working: Improving female employment outcomes in Europe
Institute for Public Policy Research, December 2014

Advances in EU gender equality: Missing the mark?
Centre for European Policy Studies, September 2014

Gender and leadership: Why Europe should lean in
German Marshall Fund, May 2014

Examining Issues of gender equality in the EU
Rand Europe, April 2014

Where have all the women gone? Women in EEAS and EU delegations
Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale, March 2014

A gendered investment plan
Foundation for European Progressive Studies, February 2014

Other related reports

Gender, intersectionality and youth civic and political engagement
Instituto Affari Internazionali, February 2017

A framework for developing internal gender policies for electoral management bodies
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, December 2016

Women in politics: Numbers will have to break the glass box eventually
German Marshall Fund, November 2016

The future of work: Challenges for men and women
Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, November 2016

The global gender gap report 2016
World Economic Forum, October 2016

Gender-responsive budgeting in Ukraine: Theory and practice
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, May 2016

Foundation of the nation: How political parties and movements are radicalising others in favour of conservative family values and against tolerance, diversity, and progressive gender politics in Europe
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, May 2016

Female labour supply, human capital and welfare reform
Institute for Fiscal Studies, February 2016

The role of women and gender policies in addressing the military conflict in Ukraine
Instituto Affari Internazionali, November 2015

Gender, peace and security
Clingendael, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, April 2015

Addressing gender in impact evaluation: What should be considered?
Overseas Development Institute, October 2015

Why do girls’ and boys’ gender-(a)typical occupational aspirations differ across countries? How cultural norms and institutional constraints shape young adolescents’ occupational preferences
Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, June 2015

Facetten des Gender Pay Gap: Empirische Evidenz auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels
Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln, March 2015

The power of political voice: How women in politics can help tackle gender crime
Chatham House, March 2014

Female bodies and masculine norms. Challenging gender discourses and the implementation of resolution 1325 in peace operations in Africa
Norwegian Institute for International Affairs, February 2014

Preventing and responding to gender-based violence in humanitarian crises
Oversee Development Institute, January 2014

Great expectations: Exploring the promises of gender equality
Institute for Public Policy Research, March 2013